More that happy to discuss your post #6. That is how "we referees" should discuss referee decisions
Defo no impact on the ability of any defender to play the ball. The defender was still able to play the ball if he made a different choice.
Impacting an apponent was put in law for goalkeepers being 'drawn' by an offside player close to playing the ball into the net (or other defender in a similar situation as a goalkeeper). Defender making a choice to chase an offside player have never been cause for an offside offence unless the offside player interferes with the defender. This is the accepted interpretation at all levels of football, fair or not.
As for the trip, if you read law 12, DFK's there are two categories. The ones which have to be careless, reckless or URF, and the ones without those conditions. Tripping offence is in the former. So while a trip is a trip, it's not always an offence. In contrast, a hold is a hold (in the latter category) and is always an offence.